Tag: theology

What is Christian Worship? (Video)

Sitting in a church, singing a few songs, and listening to some guy talk for 50 minutes — is that worship? Standing in a church silently and watching a bunch of priests do some stuff — is that worship? Gathering in someone’s home and singing songs and discussing scripture — is that worship? Sacrificing animals — is that worship?

A Christian Missionary in China ~ Part Two

I asked AI how it would respond to the Chinese Man’s questions which he asked in Part One.

Here is how AI answered…

Missionary: Thank you for reading the Old Testament and for your thoughtful questions. Let’s clarify these important points together.

Chinese Man: You said that I had sinned against God according to the law found in this book. But, what I see in this book is that the law was a covenantal law between a God named Yahweh and a people named Israel. I am not in that covenant. How can I be guilty of breaking a law I was never under? That is like saying I am guilty of breaking laws in a country I’ve never visited.

Missionary: You’re right that the Mosaic Law was given specifically to the people of Israel. However, sin isn’t limited to breaking that specific law. According to the New Testament, all people have a moral awareness of right and wrong, which Paul describes as the law written on their hearts (Romans 2:14-15). This means that everyone has an inherent sense of God’s moral standards, and all fall short of these standards in various ways, regardless of whether they are under the Mosaic Law.

Chinese Man: Assuming I actually am under this law, you said that I could not keep it even if I tried. But, in the story of this book, Yahweh fully expected the people to be obedient, and when they were disobedient He disciplined and punished them. If they repented and turned back to Him, He forgave them. If they were obedient, He blessed them. You said I needed to trust in the perfect righteousness of another, but I don’t come to that conclusion from reading this book. If I were an Israelite, I would try my best to follow the law, and if I failed I would confess my failing, turn back to Yahweh, and trust He would forgive me. Where does it say that I need to trust in the righteousness of another?

Missionary: The Old Testament indeed shows that God called Israel to be obedient to His Law and provided a means for forgiveness through repentance and sacrifices. However, the New Testament reveals that these practices were a foreshadowing of a greater sacrifice. Jesus Christ is presented as the perfect and final sacrifice for sin, fulfilling the requirements of the Law on behalf of humanity (Hebrews 10:1-10). His righteousness can be imputed to us through faith, meaning that through Jesus, we can be seen as righteous before God (Romans 3:21-22). This is a core message of the New Testament: that by trusting in Jesus, we receive the righteousness we could never achieve on our own (Philippians 3:9).

Are these good answers?

Notes on Romans – Part II

Chapter Two

Vs. 1-3 — Continuing from chapter 1, where in verse 32 the Israelites who know the truth are approving of non-Israelites who practice all the evil things listed in the previous verses, the Israelites who practice the same evil things are without excuse and are unfit to judge non-Israelites. The judgement of God is true against all who practice such evil things, therefore even Israel cannot escape that judgement.

Vs. 4-6 — God is patient, and His goodness leads people to repentance. But Israel has a hardened heart, and is storing up wrath rather than mercy. They will answer for their deeds.

Vs 7-8 — Eternal life is for those who patiently continue in doing good, seek for glory, honor, and immortality. Doing good is to honor Yahweh, and to follow His commandments; to live righteously. But those who do not live righteously only have wrath to look forward to.

Vs. 9-11 — Jew and Greek = Judean and Hellenist = Judean Israelites and Hellenistic Israelites

Vs 12-16 — Remembering that the law here is the law of Moses, let me remove the parenthesis — “For as many as have sinned without the law will also perish without the law … in the day when God will judge the secrets of men…” Those who did not have the law would still perish because of their sin on judgement day, even though they were not judged by the law. But yet, Paul says they had the work of the law written on their hearts. This is confusing. Were these people guilty of sinning against the law or not? Did they know the law or not? Did Paul not say, “Where there is no law there is no transgression, and sin is not imputed when there is no law?” (Romans 4:15b; 5:13b) Who were these people then, who had the law written on their hearts, when only Israel was given the law? The only conclusion that seems to make sense is that these people did indeed have the law of Moses written on their hearts, and thus were descendants of Israel, but were so far gone from the covenant that they lived without the law. However, the fact that their own consciences approved or accused their actions proved that they had the law of Moses written on their hearts. They mostly lived no differently than the rest of all the non-Israelite nations, but were still under the law’s curse.

Vs. 17-24 — Judeans know the law and rest upon it. They trust they are in the right with Yahweh because of this. Therefore they also believe they are guides to the blind. The Hellenists are the blind. The non-Israelites are the blind. But, the Judeans are hypocrites, and they actually dishonor the name of God.

Vs 25-29 — A righteous uncircumcised Greek is better than an unrighteous circumcised Judean.